Diversity and regulation of ascorbate biosynthesis in photosynthetic organisms

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Ascorbate biosynthesis pathway and its regulation mechanism have been studied in photosynthesis organisms. A moss, Physcomitrella patens, possesses both D-mannose/L-galactose pathway and D-galacturonate pathway, and an identification of aldonolactonase reveals that the enzyme plays a role in regulation of ascorbate level in the moss. It has also revealed that the alternative D-galacturonate pathway contributes to ascorbate accumulation in ripened tomato fruits. In Arabidopsis leaves, VTC2, one of the components of D-mannose/L-galactose pathway, plays a central role in light regulation of ascorbate via transcriptional and post-translational control.