Inhibition of CD4+ T cell function during infection with malaria parasite

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We investigated mechanisms of the modulation of T cell immune responses during infection with Plasmodium berghei ANKA(PbA). CD4^+ T cells from PbA-infected mice inhibited IL-2 production of other CD4^+ T cells by cytokine-mediated mechanisms. The inhibitory cells were foxp3-activated CD4^+ T cells and were distinct from Tregs. The inhibitory cytokine produced by these CD4^+ T cells was not TGF-b or IL-10, and was identified as a novel T cell producing inhibitory cytokine X.