Craniofacial regeneration in consideration of mesenchymal stem cells and embryology

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Recent genome-wide association studies identified susceptibility loci for nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate(NSCL±P) on 8q24. 21, 10q25. 3, 13q31. 1, 15q13. 3, 17q22 and 18q22 in Europe-origin populations. Our study was to determine whether 8q24. 21 was a susceptibility locus for the development of NSCL±P in Japanese patients using DNA samples. Our results suggest that the 8q24. 21 locus is not associated with susceptibility to NSCL±P in Japanese patients and provide further evidence that ethnicity is a strong factor in determining susceptibility loci, albeit using a limited number of samples. Further study is needed to identify regions involved in the development of NSCL±P in the Japanese population.Next, a high dose of ionizing external radiation damage to the skin and soft tissue and craniofacial embryonic development results in changes in function as well as in the general body condition. Basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) is primarily considered as a potent angiogenic growth factor. Resurfacing with a dermal component is required, and bFGF stimulates wound healing and enhances human skin-derived mesenchymal stem cells under serum-free conditions in a dose-dependent manner. The bFGF improved and maintained the tissue viability after immediate irradiation in the skin and soft tissue trough tissue stem cells in situ.