A Comprehensive Study on the Buddhist stupas in Indian Culture Area

本研究通过对如何祭祀佛灰的具体考量，将罗特那吉里摩哈塔等置于中期佛塔风格的发展形态的位置。并放置了晚期佛教佛塔风格(高塔式佛塔，如维克拉玛西拉和索马普拉等)。至高无上的佛塔风格。然后讨论了各个时期佛塔的结构和意义的变化。我们以中小型佛塔为研究对象，对印度、孟加拉国和尼泊尔现存的佛塔进行了调查。佛塔的单边或四边都有空洞，在那里竖立着佛教偶像的真理。对这些佛像的分析表明，大乘佛教的佛像与佛教密宗图标共存的生命历史，展示了金刚四佛。再一次，Patityasamutpada-Gatha是献给那些包裹着佛陀或他的弟子骨灰的佛塔。这项研究讨论了上面提到的细节，并验证了对佛塔的信仰和供奉。

The study placed the Ratnagiri Maha-stupa etc. to the position of the Development form from middle period Buddhist stupa style by particularly considering how to enshrine Buddha's ashes. And it placed late period Buddhist stupa style(High height style stupa as Vikramasila and Somapura etc.) to the ultimate style of Buddhist stupa. Then I discussed changes of each period in the structure and meaning of stupa.Focusing on the small and the medium size stupa, known as Votive stupa, we conduct a survey of the stupas that exit in India, Bangladesh and Nepal. The votive stupa has cavities either in the single side or in the four sides, where the verities of Buddhist icons are erected. Analyzing those icons, it reveals that the Mahayana Buddhist icons, describing the life history of Buddha coexistence with Buddhist tantric icons, exhibiting the four Buddha of the Vajradhatumandalas. Again, the Pratityasamutpada-gatha was dedicated to those stupas, which enclosed the ashes of Buddha or his disciples.This study discussed the particulars mentioned above, and verified the faith and offering for the votive stupa as well.