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Comprehensive study on Vietnamese agriculture and rural society under globalization, industrialization and modernization

全球化、工业化、现代化背景下越南农业和农村社会综合研究

基本信息

批准号：
21405027
负责人：
TSUJI Kazunari
金额：
$ 11.56万
依托单位：
Saga University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2009
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2009 至 2011
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

This study aimed to investigate the actual situation of changing Vietnamese agriculture, rural economy and society under the movement of globalization, industrialization and modernization in 2000s in particular.In order to attain the object mentioned above, we approached to nine specific subjects of study.The followings are some new knowledge obtained through the surveys :(1) Since 2000s, Vietnamese agricultural and rural development policies have been sifted from increase in the yield of grain to promotion of industrialization. In a consequence, many small scale of rural craft villages have emerged in Red River delta in particular. These villages are on fear of collapse of the bond of rural society based on farming production and the national food security, while rural skilled people becomes a precious human resources for the further economic development ;(2) According to the panel data analysis of farming households in Mekong River Delta in 1995 and 2010, we found that many farming h … More ouseholds have disappeared and household' s size has been diminished with aging. In individual farming households, its farmland reduced and rice cultivation particularly stepped back in their farm household economy. The rapid rural industrialization in the villages may cause these actual situations ;(3) In Red River Delta, according to the similar panel data analysis, a pretty number of landless farm households have emerged due to the conversion from farmland into industrial zone. In the village where many small-scale farmers give up farming activity due to urbanization, agricultural cooperatives start a new business to accumulate fragmentary farmlands and help the farmers who intend to enlarge their faming business ;(4) Private farms which manage a quite large-scale farmland and apply advanced farming techniques have increased in number nationwide, Mekong River delta and Central Plateau region in particular. In general, the owners of successful private farms have not always been generated from peasants but public servants of local governments and people of rich stratum in urban areas ;(5) In the northern mountainous region which have been recognized as the one of a less favorite areas of agricultural production, the production of commercial farm products remarkably increases. Particularly, the entry of foreign-affiliated companies and“contract farming”system between the companies and farmers in the area made it easy that the farmers can access the products markets ;(6) A large scale of farms of coffee, natural rubber, pepper and cashew nuts in the south-east and central plateau regions require plenty of seasonal migration labor forces in the harvest time. Once, Mekong delta and Red River delta regions were sources of supply of such a labor force. However, the numbers of migration seasonal workers from the both regions are remarkably reducing due to the industrialization and development of rural labor markets in those areas ;(7)“Contract farming”system between foreign-affiliated companies and farming households has spread in production of vegetables and flowers around Da Lat city in Lam Dong province ;(8) The role of agricultural cooperatives becomes important in modernizing domestic distribution system of agricultural products, safe vegetable that its domestic demands increase in particular. However, the management skills of administration still differs cooperatives by cooperatives ;(9) The current living standard of minority people still does not meet their demands. In the case of a Muon community in Hoa Binh province, 68% of total numbers of households are under poverty line. By applying high yielding varieties of rice and agricultural chemicals, the possibility of recent rice production becomes twice as much as that in early 1990s. Many farmers, however, cannot enjoy its benefit due to poor social infrastructure of irrigation. In a consequence, a chronic malnutrition of villagers is still serious problem. Less

本研究的目的是调查越南农业、农村经济和社会在全球化、工业化和现代化运动中的实际情况，特别是在2000年代。为了达到上述目的，我们对九个具体的研究课题进行了探讨。以下是通过调查获得的一些新知识：（1）自2000年代以来，越南农业和农村发展政策已从增加粮食产量转向促进工业化。特别是在红河三角洲地区，出现了许多小规模的农村手工艺村。这些村庄担心以农业生产和国家粮食安全为基础的农村社会纽带的崩溃，而农村技术人才则成为经济进一步发展的宝贵人力资源;（2）根据1995年和2010年湄公河三角洲农户的面板数据分析，我们发现，许多农业技术人才在农村地区的就业率较低，而农村技术人才在农村地区的就业率较低。 ...更多信息随着人口老龄化，家庭的规模逐渐缩小。在个体农户中，耕地减少，尤其是水稻种植在农户经济中的比重下降。那些村庄快速的农村工业化可能是造成这些现实情况的原因;（3）在红河三角洲地区，根据类似的面板数据分析，由于农地转化为工业区，出现了相当数量的失地农户。在许多小农因城市化而放弃农业活动的村庄，农业合作社开始了新的业务，以积累零碎的农田，并帮助打算扩大其农业业务的农民;（4）管理相当大规模农田并采用先进农业技术的私人农场在全国范围内，特别是湄公河三角洲和中部高原地区的数量有所增加。一般来说，成功的私人农场主并不总是来自农民，而是地方政府的公务员和城市富裕阶层;（5）在北方山区，商品性农产品的生产显著增加，这一地区一直被认为是农业生产的不利地区之一。特别是外资企业的进入以及企业与农户之间的“订单农业“制度，使农户更容易进入农产品市场;（6）东南部和中部高原地区的咖啡、天然橡胶、胡椒和腰果等大规模农场在收获季节需要大量的季节性流动劳动力。曾经，湄公河三角洲和红河三角洲地区是这种劳动力的供应来源。（7）在林东省达拉特市，外资公司与农户之间的“订单农业“制度在蔬菜和花卉生产中得到推广;（8）农业合作社在国内农产品流通体系现代化中发挥重要作用，特别是安全蔬菜，其国内需求增加。但是，合作社的行政管理技能仍存在差异;（9）少数民族群众的生活水平仍不能满足他们的要求。在和平省的Muon社区，68%的家庭生活在贫困线以下。通过水稻高产品种和农药的应用，近期水稻增产的可能性比20世纪90年代初增加了一倍。然而，由于灌溉的社会基础设施差，许多农民无法享受到它的好处。因此，村民长期营养不良仍然是一个严重的问题。少