An empirical study on development of peasantry economy and its impacts on rural society in Vietnam : Cases of tea and natural rubber producing areas

本研究项目旨在分析分别位于越南北方丘陵山区和东南部地区的茶叶种植和天然橡胶种植的近期结构变化。以下是研究的事实调查结果和结论。在茶叶产区，阮泰省，一是一些先进的农民正在尝试应用一些新的现代农业技术，如改良高产品种、灌溉设施、省力化机械等，通过扩大自己的养殖场规模，稳定和增加养殖收入。2)这些新的农业技术似乎扩大了先进农民和小规模贫困农民之间的农业收入差距。3)一些能够成功扩大农业规模的先进农民逐渐开始用主要来自中国中部沿海地区的员工取代他们的收获工作。4)该地区的茶叶种植集约化， ...更多信息 一方面，在离农民居住地稍远的山坡上带来了土地的专用性。在这些地方，还经常发生从属于他人的木材中偷窃木材的情况。在平阳省的天然橡胶生产区，1）存在着四种不同类型的农业实体：小型农户、引进固定员工的中型农户、大型资本主义农场和经营种植园的国有企业。2)在中型和大型农场中，长期雇员从事橡胶乳的收获。这些雇员来自中部沿海和湄公河三角洲地区以及该地区的小农户。3)与茶叶种植业相比，雇员享有相对较高的工资率。许多雇员在经济上并不总是很穷。然而，工作条件并不有利，因为他们的工作主要是在凌晨进行。4)最近，橡胶种植的高利润前景不仅吸引了农民，也吸引了城市居民，甚至海外越南人在该地区投资和购买农田。因此，出现了耕地价格飞涨，超出了合理的农业价格。如果没有适当的土地政策或政府部门的控制，中小农户肯定没有机会获得额外的耕地。少

This research project aimed to analyze the recent structural changes in tea farming and natural rubber farming, which are located in the northern hilly and mountainous region and the southern-east region of Vietnam, respectively.The followings were the fact-findings and conclusion of the study.In the tea producing area, Thai Nguyen province, 1) some advanced farmers are trying apply some new modern faming technologies such as improved high-yield variety, watering facility, and labor-saving machinery, etc., for stabilization and increase in farming income with enlarging the scale of their own farm. 2) It seems that those new farming technologies make large the disparity of farm income between the advanced farmers and small-scale poor farmers. 3) Some of advanced famers that can successfully enlarge their farming scale gradually start replacing their harvest job by employees who mainly come from the middle coastal region of the country. 4) Intensive tea cultivation in the region, on the … More one hand, brings exclusive land-use in the hillsides located a little bit far from farmers' residence. In such places, steal of timbers from the wood belonging to others also often takes place. It might be recognized as a social anxiety.In the natural rubber producing area, Binh Duong province, 1) four different types of farming entity exist : small-scale farm household ; medium-scale farm household introducing permanent employees ; large-scale capitalistic farm ; and state own enterprise running plantation. 2) Permanent employees engage in harvesting rubber milk in the medium- and large-scale farms. Those employees are supplied from the middle coast and Mekong River Delta region as well as small holders in the region. 3) The employees enjoy relatively higher wage rate compared to one in the case of tea faming. Many employees are not always very poor with making a saving in economic term. However, working condition is not favorable because their job is mainly operated midnight before dawn. 4) Recently, the prospect of high profitability of rubber faming attracts not only farmers but also urban dwellers and even overseas Vietnamese to invest and acquire farmland in the region. Consequently, a skyrocket of farmland price beyond a reasonable price for farming takes place. It is sure to make no chance for small- and medium-scale farmers to get extra farmland, without any appropriate land policy or control by the governmental sector. Less