Modeling Novel Congestion Pricing Policy Considering Multi-day Deposit and Refunding Scheme

公路收费政策的收费水平和收费边界必须谨慎确定，以获得更高的绩效。然而，现有的研究大多只考虑最佳的收费水平。结合基于出行链的用户均衡模型，建立了既能设计最优收费水平又能设计最优收费边界的双层优化模型，并给出了求解算法。我们将所提出的模型应用到日本宇都宫和熊本的实际网络中，并探索了基于区域和基于警戒线的定价的最佳收费水平和边界。此外，我们建立了基于周时空传递的网络均衡模型，用于分析一种新的电价策略--峰荷存款制。

Toll level and charging boundary of road pricing policy must be determined carefully to obtain higher performance. However, most of existing studies considered only the optimal setting of toll level. This paper formulates the bi-level optimization model incorporating trip-chain-based user equilibrium model that can design not only optimal toll level but also the charging boundary of road pricing policy and develop its algorithm. We applied proposed model to real-world networks in Utsunomiya and Kumamoto, Japan and explored optimal toll level and boundary of area-based and cordon-based pricing. In addition, we developed weekly space-time-pass based network equilibrium model for analyzing a novel pricing policy which is named peak-load deposit system.