Development and validation of practical travel forecasting model with variable demand considering induced freight traffic

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Most of the existing travel demand forecasting model has limitation of fixed-demand assumption where demand is not changed by policies. Therefore, the development of variable demand model, especially for freight transport, is required. In this study, we 1) conducted and analyzed a freight-vehicles probe-survey using smartphones of truck drivers, 2) proposed a simple trip-chain-based network equilibrium model that is available for long-term forecasting, and 3) expanded the second best congestion pricing design problems with practical constraints using a variable demand model.