Parallel evolution of pollination syndrome in genus of Hemerocallis : Test for introgressive hybridization hypothesis

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The flowers of H. middendorffii showed bee-pollination syndrome. Phylogenic tree of chloroplast DNA of genus of Hemerocallis suggested that butterflypollination syndrome and hawk-moth-pollination syndrome have probably evolved in multiple times from bee-pollination syndrome (ancestral status). The distribution of H.citrina in Japan implies that maybe introgressive hybridization acts as a main force for the multiple origins of these two syndromes. In addition, the triploid species H.fulva showed no variable nucleotide site across Japan although the other species showed several variable sites within each island (e.g. Honshu, Kyushu). The reasons why there are no variable sites might be that triploid taxon is asexually reproducing and is probably transferred by human.