Morphological evolution of parasitic lice parasitizing sika deer

(1)利用线粒体COI基因部分序列对西卡和西卡鹿虱进行了系谱分析。西卡鹿有3个支系（大陆支系、北方支系和南方支系），而鹿虱有2个支系（大陆+九州南部支系和其它支系）;（2）拓扑一致性分析表明鹿虱之间没有明显的共趋异模式。目前的分析只使用母系遗传的基因标记，公鹿介导的虱子传播被认为是不一致的主要来源;（3）长距离传播的虱子远离他们的主机是很不可能的。在这种情况下，虱种群遗传树可以很好地指示其宿主中隐藏的种群结构;（4）使用形态计量学分析，鹿虱形态的微进化变化显示出沿着系统发育线积累。中性字符似乎包括一个更大的部分相比，预计将更功能显着的变化。这表明，更中性的字符的随机漂移在鹿虱形态的微进化中起着主要作用

(1) Genealogies of sika deer and sika deer lice were estimated using partial sequence of mitochondrial COI gene. Three lineages were identified for sika deer(Continental, Northern and Southern clades) whereas two lineages were identified for deer lice(Continent+southern Kyushu and others);(2) analyses of topological congruence revealed that there is no significant pattern of codivergence between deer and lice. The present analyses only used the maternally inherited gene marker so that male-deer mediated lice dispersal is considered to be the main source of the incongruence ;(3) long distance dispersal of lice apart from their host is quite unlikely. In such case, louse population genetic tree can be good indicators of hidden population structure in their host ;(4) using morphometric analyses, microevolutionary changes in deer lice morphology is shown to accumulate along phylogenetic lines. The neutral characters appeared to comprise a larger fraction of the variation compared to those expected to be more functionally significant. This suggests that random drift of more neutral characters plays a major role in the microevolution of morphology of deer lice