Comparative biogeography of saprotrophic and ectomycorrhizal fungi : origin and evolution of Geastrales(Basidiomycota, Phallomycetidae)

外生菌根真菌需要寄主植物才能生存，但腐养真菌不需要这样的伙伴。因此，腐养真菌的孢子即使经过长距离（如跨洋扩散），在新的栖息地也有较高的定殖成功率。研究了以geastrastales为代表的腐坏性蘑菇的生物地理格局，并与Hysterangiales、外生菌根mushroom的生物地理格局进行了比较。结果表明，腐坏蘑菇在南北半球之间的越洋扩散发生得更为频繁。

Ectomycorrhizal fungi require host plants to survive, but saprotrophic fungi do not require such partners. Because of that, spores of saprotrophic fungi may have higher success rate of colonization in new habitat even after a long distance, e. g., transoceanic, dispersal. This study investigated biogeographic patterns of saprotrophic mushrooms represented by Geastrales, and compared patterns with those of Hysterangiales, ectomycorrhizal mushrooms. The results indicated that transoceanic dispersal between Northern and Southern Hemispheres has occurred much more frequently for saprotrophic mushrooms.