Non-destructive microwave sensing of soil environments in heavy-clay ground

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To establish a non-destructive monitoring method of water content and electrical conductivity(EC) in heavy-clay soils, we performed the measurements of travel time and amplitude of impulse-signal transmitted through a few types of clays using time domain transmissiometry(TDT). Although further investigations on signal measurements and their analyses in time/frequency domain are required for the practical application of TDT to the clays, we successfully designed a TDT system for the measurements of water content and EC and empirical models of their estimations.