Development of new vascular regenerative therapy by replacement of bone marrow cells with pluripotent stem cell-derived vascular progenitor cells.

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We examined the therapeutic potential of ES cell-derived vascular progenitor cells as the alternative of bone marrow-derived vascular progenitor cells. Although human ES cell-derived vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) obtained by our original method were at a rather immature state of differentiation, induction of miR-145 resulted in fully differentiated VSMCs. We also found that human ES-derived VSMCs at early passage possessed high proliferation and migration property, which might be a suitable cell source for vascular regeneration.