Establishment of objective evaluation of medication effect for Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with near-infrared spectroscopy.

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The number of children given a diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) increases year by year in Japan. And methylphenidate(MPH) is often prescribed to treat individuals diagnosed with ADHD. The development of a simple and convenient effect measurement method of MPH is demanded. Ten children with ADHD under MPH medication participated in the present study. The relative concentrations of oxyhemoglobin(oxy-Hb) and deoxyhemoglobin(deoxy-Hb) were measured with frontal probes during the continuous performance test(CPT), using a NIRS machine. Compared with the off-MPH condition, mean reaction time is shorter and the number of omission error is smaller in the on-MPH condition. During the CPT, the oxy-Hb were significantly larger and deoxy-Hb were slightly larger than baseline in the bilateral frontal probes. But there is no statistically significant difference between on-and off-MPH conditions. The large individual differences of NIRS signal and small number of cases are the limitations. It will be necessary to increase number of cases in future study.