The effects of anesthetics on cortical spreading depression

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Cortical spreading depression(CSD) is a transient neuronal and glial depolarization and disruption of membrane ionic gradients that propagates slowly across the cerebral cortex. Recent clinical and experimental evidence has implicated CSD in the pathophysiology of migraines and neuronal injury states. In the current study, we examined the influence of four different anesthetics(isoflurane, propofol, dexmedetomidine, pentobarbital) on CSD susceptibility in a KCl-application animal model. We found that isoflurane and dexmedetomidine significantly suppressed CSD frequency compared to propofol and pentobarbital. In addition, dexmedetomidine and isoflurane tended to reduce the propagation speed compared to propofol. These data may help to elucidate the mechanism of CSD and establish the new therapy for migraine. And our data also suggest that these anesthetics may be therapeutically beneficial in preventing CSD in diverse neurovascular disease states.