Biomechanical analysis of throwing strategy in adolescent baseball players for the purpose of throwing injury prevention

摘要本研究旨在探讨青少年棒球运动员的球力与髋部、躯干、肩部、肘部关节运动的关系。研究对象为15名青少年棒球运动员（13.7±0.8岁）和15名大学生棒球运动员（22.1±1.5岁）。利用3台高速摄像机采集投掷运动图像，采用直接精益平移法建立三维分析，得到投掷运动中各关节的角度、角速度以及抛球时手腕向目标的加速度（Acc）。青少年球员Acc与躯干旋转角度（r=-0.59）、肘部伸展角度（r=-0.75）、肩部内旋速度（r=-0.76）和肘部伸展速度（r=-0.61）呈显著的线性相关。在大学生运动员中，Acc与髋内收速度（r=-0.51）和肘关节外伸速度（r=-0.61）呈显著的线性相关。研究结果表明，青少年运动员在投掷过程中对上肢运动的依赖程度大于髋关节运动。教练和运动训练员可能需要关注髋关节运动，以防止青少年棒球运动员投掷受伤。

The purpose of the present study was to demonstrate the correlation between the force to a ball and joint motion of hip, trunk, shoulder and elbow in adolescent baseball players. The subjects were 15 adolescent baseball players (13.7±0.8 yrs) and 15 collegiate baseball players (22.1±1.5yrs). Throwing motion images were captured by three high-speed cameras, and a 3D analysis established by direct leaner translation method was performed to obtain the angles and the angular velocity of each joint, and the acceleration of wrist toward the target at ball release (Acc). In the adolescent players, significant linear correlations were found between Acc and trunk rotation angle(r=-0.59), elbow extension angle(r=-0.75), shoulder internal rotation velocity(r=-0.76) and elbow extension velocity (r=-0.61). In the collegiate players, significant linear correlations were found between Acc and hip adduction velocity (r=-0.51) and elbow extension velocity (r=-0.61). The finding indicates the adolescent players may depend on the upper extremity motion more than hip joint motion during throwing. Coaches and athletic trainers may need to focus on the hip joint motion in order to prevent throwing injuries from occurring in adolescent baseball players.