Personal Affairs System of the Bannermen Bureaucrats and Policy Implementation of Fanbu under the Rule of Qing Court during The Latter Half of the 18^<th> Century

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This study analyzes the characteristics and local activities of Lifanyuan officials and the bannermen who were responsible for policies concerning Mongolia and Tibet during the Qing dynasty in the latter half of the eighteenth century. The study then clarifies the development of the bannermens' bureaucracy, personnel system, and the Fanbu governance policies. In order to strengthen Mongol rule and build amicable relations with Tibet, rulers of the Qing dynasty employed different kinds of bureaucrats for different purposes while considering the differences between the Manch and Mongol bannermen, the ancestry and deeds of their forefathers, the Tibetan Buddhist religion observed by the Mongol bannermen, and the experiences in business of the policy toward Mongol and Tibet.