Structural Transformation toward the Effective andEfficient Administrative Justice in Britain

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Administrative justice in Britain includes judicial review, other administrative redress and initial decision-making in a broad sense. Although the relation between judicial review and other administrative justice was formerly based on the supervisory model, it shifts to the overlapping jurisdictions model. While it becomes possible to make application for judicial review not only in London but also in other areas to make access to justice easy, attention has been made to the lack of the expertise of courts and solicitors. Also mediation and other solutions out of courts have been increasing. Moreover, the unified two-tier tribunal system has been by created by 2007 Act. The courts have shown deference to the Upper Tribunals’ expertise and limited their intervention. As the procedure of tribunals becomes inquisitorial rather than adversarial, it becomes similar to that of the ombudsmen rather than the courts. Furthermore, because the abolition of administrative justice and tribuals council is decided, the future oversight of administrative justice has been argued. As the role of administrative justice, the idea of Proportionate Dispute Resolution has attracted interest in initial decision-making.