ChloroplastSignalsregulatingplantimmuneresponses

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Salicylic acid acts as an endogenous signal that triggers local and systemic response in the plant immune system. Both reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) may play important roles in regulation of immune cell signal transductions. It should be noted that chloroplasts are involved in the production of theses immune signals. However, a role for chloroplasts in plant immune system remains largely elusive. This study provides novel insights into chloroplastic control of plant immunity through a thylakoid-localized Ca2+ binding protein CAS.