Studies on chloroplast personalities by visualizing cellular signal transduction processes and photosynthesis.

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Different tissues contain various types of plastids that differ in function and morphology. This study revealed that plastids have distinct functions in plant immunity and Ca2+ signaling in a tissue-specific manner. Plastids in leaves and roots evoked distinct Ca2+ signals in response to biotic and abiotic stresses such as salt and osmotic stresses. Furthermore, we found that plastids in epidermis have a specific role in biosynthesis of salicylic acid in plant immunity. Interestingly, we demonstrated that Ca2+ and ROS signaling play critical roles in the induction of stromules in chloroplasts in epidermal cells of hypocotyles. These results imply that plastids in distinct tissues have specialized roles.