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Understanding of environmental adaptation and its genetic mechanisms in boreal conifers

了解北方针叶树的环境适应及其遗传机制

基本信息

批准号：
22380080
负责人：
GOTO Susumu
金额：
$ 11.81万
依托单位：
The University of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2010
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2010 至 2012
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Environmental adaptation and its genetic mechanisms of forest trees are recent topics in forest genetics. In this study, four studies have been conducted in the University of Tokyo Hokkaido Forest where has a 1,200-m altitudinal range. (1) We collected data of the basal area (BA) and the number of recruits for major conifers from field measurements with many plots and environmental condition from GIS analyses. We found that BA and regeneration of A. sachalinensis were dominant in low-mid elevation zones, whereas those of P. jezoensis were larger in mid-high elevation zones. (2) We examined adaptive genes derived from phenolix and terpenoids synthesis pathways to explain altitudinal differentiation. Previously-known CHS and STS genes related to phenolix showed similar patterns between high- and low-elevation trees. Then, we identified DNA sequences of PAL gene related to terpenoids in genus Picea. This sequence will be useful for developing adaptive gene markers for genus Picea. (3) We used a reciprocal transplant experiment along the altitude in A. sachalinensis and clarify whether tree height and survival rate are adaptive to native altitude. As altitudinal difference between native sites and transplanting ones increased,productivity (tree height×survival rate) decreased. Thus, home-site advantage is confirmed by the mathematical modeling. Freezing tests suggest that there is altitudinal variation in timing of cold acclimation. (4) We measured number of cones, height and diameter growth of F1 trees consisting of a reciprocal hybridization test plantation with four genetic compositions (low×low, low×high, high×low and high×high elevation). We found that reproductive traits were significantly higher in high-elevation derived trees, whereas growth traits were higher in low-elevation derived trees.

林木的环境适应及其遗传机制是森林遗传学的最新课题。在这项研究中，在海拔 1,200 米的东京大学北海道森林中进行了四项研究。 (1) 我们通过大量样地的实地测量和 GIS 分析的环境条件收集了主要针叶树的断面积 (BA) 和新发数量的数据。我们发现，中低海拔地区的BA和再生量以A. sachalinensis为主，而中高海拔地区的P. jezoensis则较大。 (2)我们检查了源自酚醛和萜类化合物合成途径的适应性基因来解释海拔分化。先前已知的与酚醛树脂相关的 CHS 和 STS 基因在高海拔和低海拔树木之间表现出相似的模式。然后，我们鉴定了云杉属萜类化合物相关的PAL基因的DNA序列。该序列将有助于开发云杉属的适应性基因标记。 (3)对大戟进行了沿海拔高度的互移移植实验，明确了树高和成活率是否与原生海拔高度相适应。随着原地与移栽地海拔高度差的增大，生产力（树高×成活率）下降。因此，主场优势通过数学模型得以证实。冷冻测试表明，冷驯化时间存在海拔差异。 (4)测量了具有四种遗传组成(低×低、低×高、高×低和高×高海拔)的互杂交试验林组成的F1树的球果数、高度和直径生长。我们发现高海拔树木的繁殖性状显着较高，而低海拔树木的生长性状较高。