A longitudinal study until puberty on Support for the parents with difficulties in child-rearing; especially small income and difficult children with PDD and/or LD tendency

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the change/continuity of child's characteristics, especially PDD and/or LD tendency in their first 12 years. Such characteristics of infancy don't correlate with elementally school age, but latter elementally school age score correlate with junior high school age. The parents and children with PDD and/or LD tendency have some troubles; lower school achievement, peer relations problems and lower QOL. Their parents also have problems about parenting. The parents have more serious troubles and more limited network to support them with age of their children. So the role of teachers and school systems becomes more important. Parents on a small income have narrower network and higher and special child-rearing anxiety and needs for support.