Evaluating energy dissipation mechanisms of friction on clean surfaces

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The total energy of contacting surfaces is invariant for sliding distance Q, resulting in vanishing frictional force. The increase in interfacial interactions, on the other hand, leads to the discontinuous motion of constituent atoms, resulting in the appearance of friction. We, thus, see the frictional force changes from vanishing to finite due to increased interfacial interactions. This is called friction transition. It has been examined that the occurrence of the friction transition by deriving its condition in various inter-metallic systems by using pair-wise inter-atomic potentials. The related experiment has been done for the frictional system of W(011) tips and Si(001) clean surfaces, and it has been conclude that the friction transition has not occurred in the frictional system. This study theoretically has clarified whether or not the friction transition occurs in the frictional systems by taking into account of many-body inter-atomic potentials.