Design of Anti-fire City - Fire Prevention and Canal in Kyoto, Okayamaand Tokyo

直到1872年，京都流域的水及其管理权一直由上贺茂神社管理。卡莫河及其灌溉系统的运河的管理权也属于神社。京都皇宫的园林在旱季和夏季缺水，园林管理部门经常需要从神社获得足够的水。1872年以后，水的管理权被转移到东京的明治政府。然而，在1872年之前，运河上游地区的农民被神社控制，他们将水用于灌溉。京都政府开发了一条新的运河，其水源是琵琶湖（琵琶湖运河），以解决皇宫消防用水不足的问题。本文以京都府、京都市局、御所署的档案资料为依据，探讨了水权的转让及其在场地用水方面的表现。当地缺水的问题不能通过琵琶湖运河的供水来解决。灌溉系统优先使用运河的水。

The water and its right of management in Kyoto Basin were regulated by　Kamigamo Shrine until 1872. The right of management on Kamo River and its　canal for irrigation system also belonged to the Shrine. The water of garden in　Kyoto Imperial Palace was lacked in the dry season and summer and the　section of garden management in the Place often required enough quantity of　the water from the Shrine. After 1872, the right of water management was transferred to the Meiji Government in Tokyo. However, the farmers in upper area of the canal, who were dominated by the Shrine before 1872, conducted the water for their irrigation. Kyoto government developed a new canal whose water source was Lake Biwa (Biwako Canal) to solve the solution on the lack of the water in Imperial Palace for the fire prevention. This paper discussed the transfer of the right of the water management and the performance on the use of water on site based on the archives in Kyoto Prefecture, Kyoto City Bureau and the Agency of Imperial Place. The problems on the lack of the water in the Place could not be resolved by the water supply of the Biwako Canal. The irrigation system had the priority to use the water of the canal.