Approach to the Understanding of Hydrogen Embrittleness of Steels Using Energy Expression of the Chemical Bond and Its Application to Quantum Alloy Design

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Atomization energy analysis is proposed for treating the chemical bond in steels in an energy scale in order to understand the hydrogen embrittleness in view of the chemical bond. Following this analysis, the hydrogen trapping effect is understood by estimating the nature of the chemical bond between hydrogen (H) and non-metal elements (e.g., C) or alloying elements (e.g.,Cr) in steels. Also, the trend of the hydrogen trapping around metal carbides (e.g., VC) in steels is predictable approximately along this analysis. This is confirmed experimentally through the hydrogen trapping test in pure metal carbides by using the ball-milling in a hydrogen atmosphere. Such information is useful for the quantum design of steels against hydrogen embrittleness.