Analysis on the function of alleles of good grain filling contributing to the improvement of grain filling ability of rice extra-heavy panicle types

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Alleles for good grain filling contributing to the improvement of poor grain filling in extra-heavy panicle types of rice were explored. As a result, APS2-2, APL2-2 and SUT1-1 at the locus for ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) small subunit 2 (OsAGPS2), large subunit 2 (OsAGPL2) and sucrose transporter 1 (OsSUT1), respectively, were detected as candidate alleles. The cultivars with all of these three alleles showed higher AGPase activity in developing endosperm, and higher degree of grain filling at maturity. Among these three alleles, APL2-2 might display the highest effect on grain filling. These three alleles tended to be included together in indica cultivars. Therefore, alleles for good grain filling should be searched among indica rice cultivars to serve the poor grain filling problems. However, these alleles could not contribute directly to higher yield.