Pathogen moleculoar pattern recognition mechanisms inside and outsied of the blood vessel

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We demonstrated that sensitive LPS-recogition by macrophadese was due to the strong TLR4-signal transduction induced by raft-formation in the cells carring memebrane-associated CD14. The signal transduction was not so effective in CD14-negative cells such as B cells; however, it was significant to induce some responses. We discovered that LPS-tolerance was resulted by loss of antigen-presenting function in B cells differenciated by LPS-stimulation in the absence of antigen.