The effects of X-ray or C-ion beams irradiation on invasive potential of human pancreatic cancer cell lines

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Pancreatic cancer which is associated with a high metastatic potential is one of the most aggressive diseases with an extremely low 5-year survival rate. In the present in vitro study, we found that C-ion irradiation suppressed the invasive potential of MIAPaCa-2, but failed to reduce the invasiveness of PANC-1 cells. Invasiveness of these cells induced by irradiation involved the activation of cell-type specific proteases. However, the use of protease inhibitor alone resulted in the induction of a mesenchymal-amoeboid transition in these cell lines, whereby the cells could continue to invade cellular matrix through protease-independent mechanisms. Inhibition of both mesenchymal and amoeboid motility of the cells by combined administration of both inhibitors for the proteases and for Rho-kinase was required to suppress the irradiation-induced invasion.