Establishment of a method to promote osteoblast differentiation using tryptophan derivatives and Dex, and elucidation of the mechanisms of them

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In this study, we investigated the effect of newly synthesized tryptophan derivatives and dexamethasone (Dex), a synthetic glucocorticoid, on osteoblast differentiation. The tryptophan derivatives and Dex enhanced terminal osteoblast differentiation, as indicated by mineralization. However, no inductive effect was observed on commitment of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) into osteoblast differentiation was observed. Furthermore, it was suggested that a transcription factor, Osterix, played an important role in the mechanism by which tryptophan derivatives and dexamethasone induced terminal osteoblast differentiation. In addition, we demonstrated that these agents significantly induced mRNA expression levels of the osteogenic marker genes bone sialoprotein (BSP) and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) in MSCs co-cultured with osteoblasts.