Occurrence and formation potential of N-nitrosodimethylamine in ground water in Tokyo

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N-nitrosodimethylamine(NDMA), a disinfection byproduct of water treatment processes, is a potent carcinogen. Its occurrence and formation potential in ground water and river water in Tokyo are investigated. Their behavior during infiltration is also analyzed. NDMA concentrations in ground water were slightly lower than or comparable to those in river water, whereas NDMA precursor concentrations in ground water were significantly lower than those in river water. Some parts of NDMA precursors were persistent but most of them were removed by soils owing to degradation and/or adsorption, suggesting NDMA precursor concentrations can decrease during infiltration.