Direct numerical simulation of flows including dense solid particles

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Flows including dense solid particles show complex behavior and deep understanding of flow physics by direct numerical simulations is highly required. Body-force-type immersed boundary method is attractive from its simplicity and low computational cost while it has intrinsic problems as a numerical method. In the present study, we specified the source of problems and an alternative method was proposed. In addition, direct numerical simulations of flows including denseparticles were performed to investigate its behavior in detail.