Development of a new stress assessment system using cardiorespiratory coupling index

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We proposed a new psychological stress index using the phase-lag variations between respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and breathing. Heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure, and breathing frequency (f_R) increased in response to mental arithmetic test, while the amplitude of RSA (A_<RSA>), high-frequency (HF) component of HR variability (HRV) and the degree of phase synchronization (λ) between RSA and breathing decreased. The λ was correlated with normalized A_<RSA> and the HF power of HRV, and was inversely related with normalized low-frequency (LF) component to HF ratio. In addition, λ was not susceptible to f_R influence. It is suggested that the λ could be a marker for assessing the interaction between psychological states and autonomic control.