Development of ultra-fine grained steels by controlling peritectic and inverse eutectoid reaction processes

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The purpose of this study is to obtain carbon steels exhibiting very fine austenite grain structures by controlling solidification and heat treatment conditions without the deformation processes. Effects of Ti, V, and Nb additions, different cooling and heating conditions on the grain structure were investigated in detail by means of the theories, simulations and experiments to elucidate optimal conditions for the grain refinement. It was found that the carbon steel with Ti addition fabricated by permanent mold casting followed by rapid heating process exhibits very fine grain structure, the average size of which is as small as about 1 micron.