Environmental Taxation and Productivity of Industries : Heterogeneity of Production Technologies, Entry and Exit

本分析的主要目的是详细分析环境税对生产率的影响程度。为此，本文引入企业生产技术的异质性，构建了企业进入和退出的一般均衡模型。该模型以Melitz（2003）为基础，采用企业生产率的分布函数，构建内生增长模型分析企业异质性。在固定成本给定的情况下，我们推导出均衡分界点，即企业利润为零，利润为负的企业应该退出市场。环境税的引入增加了企业的生产成本，只有生产率更高的企业能够承担这些更高的成本，才能继续生产。相反，那些生产率较低的企业不得不退出市场。如果环境税的引入对分界点产生影响，鼓励生产率较高的企业进入和生产率较低的企业退出，则环境税可能对产业的全要素生产率产生积极影响。在分析中，引入企业生产技术的异质性，构建了企业进入和退出的一般均衡模型。

The main objective of this analysis is to analyze to the extent which environmental taxation affects productivity in detail. For that purpose, I introduce the heterogeneity in firms' production technologies and construct a general equilibrium model dealing with firms' entry and exit. Based on Melitz(2003), the model employs a distribution function of firms' productivity and constructs an endogenous growth model for analyzing the heterogeneity of firms. While fixed costs are given, the equilibrium cut-off point is derived where a firm's profit is zero and firms with minus profits should exit from the market. The introduction of environmental taxation increases the production costs of firms and only firms with higher productivity which cover such higher costs can continue their production. On the contrary, those with lower productivity have to exit from the market. If the introduction of the environmental taxation has an impact on the cut-off point to encourage the entry of firms with higher productivity and the exit of those with lower productivity, the environmental tax may have a positive impact on total factor productivity of industries. In this analysis, the heterogeneity in firms' production technologies is introduced for constructing a general equilibrium model dealing with firms' entry and exit.