A Longitudinal Study of the Housing System and Work and Family Life in Japan

本文采用大型面板调查分析、官方统计数据、工会历史资料和访谈调查等混合研究方法，对日本住房制度与工作和家庭生活进行了调查。根据住房和土地调查，60%的日本人口是房主，其余的人希望获得自己的住所。公司房、宿舍等大量发放的住房是日本住房制度所独有的。公司已经支付了住房的附加福利费用。一些工会要求政府建设更多的公共住宅，但他们的努力没有成功。相反，政府一直试图通过房屋建设来刺激放缓的经济，尤其是自上世纪70年代以来。最近，公司倾向于收回已发行的房屋。此外，地方政府已采取行动减少公共住房。因此，随着住房贷款私有化和其他变化，家庭的财政负担增加了。他们依靠妻子的有偿劳动和减少开支来应付这种情况。许多家庭有“自有住房意识形态”的原因是他们把“现代家庭”理想化了。

We investigate the housing system and work and family life in Japan with a mixed method research: the analysis of an large panel surveys, official statistics, labor union historical materials, and an interview survey. According to the Housing and Land Survey, 60% of the Japanese population is composed of homeowners, and the rest hope to acquire their residence. The large number of issued houses such as company houses and dormitories is unique to the Japanese housing system. Companies have covered fringe benefit costs for housing. Some labor unions have requested that the government build more public housing, but their efforts have not succeeded. Instead, the government has tried to stimulate a slowing economy by home construction, especially since the 1970s. Recently, companies have tended to retract issued houses. Moreover, local governments have moved to reduce public housing. Consequently, with the privatization of housing loans and other changes, the financial burden of families has increased. They rely on the paid labor of the wives and on the reduction of expenditures to cope with the situation. The reason many families have a “home ownership ideology” is that they idealize the “modern family.”