Definition, role, and priority issues of PA in Japan

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Based on the conceptual framework of Productive Aging(PA), this study investigated factors which are associated with productive roles for older adults in Japan. Findings show that since Japan's social security which includes pension, health, and long-term care insurance systems are unstable, it has been difficult to achieve productive roles for older adults such as volunteerism and paid work. Moreover, productive roles should be performed due to personal choices, but the review of the literature suggests that in many cases, older adults perform productive roles based on obligation or needs. In order to promote PA, four factors which include access, motivation, information, and facilitation were found to be important when considering PA policies.