Study of collisionless shocks, particle acceleration and magnetic field generation by using large-scale plasma particle simulation

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By using large-scale plasma particle simulations, we study high-Mach number collisionless shocks in weakly magnetized electron-proton plasmas, which are frequently driven in a variety of astrophysical environment, such as supernova remnants. It is shown that the Weibel instability is driven in the shock transition region even in perpendicular shocks, and then, turbulent magnetic fields are generated by this instability in the transition region and the downstream region. It is also found that in quasi-parallel shocks a particle acceleration mechanism similar to the Fermi acceleration works and efficiently generates high-energy particles with a power-law energy spectrum.