Development of techniques for single-molecule photon statistics and real-time measurements toward elucidation of folding processes in protein molecules

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We succeeded in preparing two-dimensional photonic crystal slabs that have low background emission in visible light region and observing fluorescence enhancement of single molecules on the photonic crystals. In addition, we found that the fluorescence lifetime varies greatly depending on the orientation of the fluorescent dye using a two-dimensional photonic band gap. From the results, we showed a new way to increase the sensitivity of single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy as well as to determine the orientation of the fluorescent dye by analyzing change in the fluorescence lifetime using photonic crystals that have nanospaces needed for local spectroscopic measurements of single biomolecules.