Development of a manufacturing method for high permanence kozo paper

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To achieve higher permanence and more durable usumino-gami (kozo paper), a joint research was carried out by a paper maker, conservators and material scientists.Normal cooking condition produced paper of the most well-balanced quality.Concerning formation index, experiment showed that paper sheet made by an experienced and skillful person (the late Mr. Furuta) was excellent, while that made by an unexperienced person was inferior. Shorter fibre strongly contributes to good formation. When new fibre was not added later in the experiment, formation improved as sheets of paper continued to be made. For dying and back lining, Furuta's paper was easiest to handle. Paper made by others became mushy when treated with ash mordant solution.