Involvement of neurotrophic factors in muscular pain and mechanisms for their production and action in the muscle

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This study was planned to clarify involvement of neurotrophic factors in muscular pain models, their action mechanisms on muscular nociceptors, and factors that were involved in production of neurotrophic factors. Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) induced after lengthening contraction (LC) was used for a model of muscle pain. We showed that EP2 receptor was involved in the COX-2-GDNF (glial cell derived neurotrophic factor) pathway leading to DOMS, and that upregulation of NGF and GDNF was induced in the muscle cells/satellite cells after LC. We also showed effects of NGF and GDNF on mechanically activated currents in cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons, sensitizing effect of GDNF on muscular A-delta mechano-sensitive nociceptors, and collaboration of NGF and GDNF in inducing muscular mechanical hyperalgesia.