Tumor-selective high LET and high RBE particles can overcome the radiation-resistant glioma stem cells

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GSLC were induced from GBM cell line A172. The phenotypes of GSLCs were confirmed by stem cell markers. These cells were irradiated with 60Co gamma rays or reactor neutron beams. Under neutron beam irradiation, high-LET proton particles can be produced. Radiosensitivity was assessed by a CFA, and the DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) were assessed by gamma-H2AX focus assay. In stem cell culture medium, GSLCs could form neurosphere-like cells and express neural stem cell markers, Sox2 and Musashi, abundantly in comparison with their parental cells. GSLCs were significantly more radioresistant to gamma rays than their parental cells, but neutron beams overcame this resistance. Twenty-four hours after irradiation with gamma rays, there were significantly fewer gamma-H2AX foci in A172 GSLCs than in their parental cultured cells, while there was no apparent difference following neutron beam irradiation. High-LET radiation can overcome the radioresistance of GSLCs.