Study on the Domestic and International Labor Migration in the Process of Economic Development of East Asia: With Special Reference to the Case of Vietnam

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Economic development is a process in which labor moves from rural to urban areas, but in East Asia, due to high moving cost, such movement has not occurred smoothly. Labor surplus in rural areas and labor shortage in urban areas coexist. Regarding the international migration of unskilled workers, it can be observed that migration has often been made through informal channels including illegal routes. High-cost burden on migrants and poor working conditions are also problems which should be considered. Based on the results of our studies, we recommend that the development of domestic labor market and employment generating development policy should be the highest priority, in order to avoid the unwilling international migration of workers. It is also important that in the case of international migration in the industries which are non-tradable, measures should be taken to reduce the moving cost burdened by workers, and reduce their feeling of alienation in the destination of migration.