The field research of atmospheric bioaerosol over the Antarctic: the pioneering ecosystem observation using a tethered balloon

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The study of atmospheric bioaerosol over the Antarctic will be focused on because it is attracting attention to find the microorganism in the Antarctic ice cores, investigate the long-range transport of atmospheric bioaerosol. To apply our previous methods in the study on KOSA bioaerosol, the direct sampling and bio-analysis of atmospheric bioaerosol over the Antarctic will be tried. During the 54th Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (2012-2013), the atmospheric bioaerosol at an altitude of about 1,000 m was directly sampled at Syowa Station using a tethered balloon. The bioaerosols near to the ground and sea surface were sampled by the bioaerosol sampling apparatus on the naval ice-breaker, Shirase, in the Antarctic Ocean and by the bioaerosol sampler at the Yukidori Valley, the Langhovde Glacier, and the Hukuro Cove. After I returned Japan, the bioanalysis using a next generation sequencer was carried out.