Comparative anatomy of the axon regenration after spinal cord injury models

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In contrast to mammals, spontaneous nerve regeneration beyond the lesion site occurs in non-mammals after spinal cord lesions, resulting in the good recovery of locomotive activities. In a goldfish hemisection model, regenerating axons beyond the lesion site pass through the laminin-positive tubular structures formed in the scar. We confirmed that these tubular structures were formed by the glial fibers and the basement membrane, which entered the scar in combination with the axons, Similar regenerative processes were observed also in a goldfish compression model. In amphibian models, on the other hand, the regenerating axons beyond the lesion site avoid the scar tissue, suggesting that this model is quite different from the goldfish model.