Developing a problem-solving learning program to improve critical literacy in social welfare education

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This study developed a problem-solving learning program incorporating critical thinking in social welfare education, considering learning effects and the efficacy of lessons in five model lessons. The general structure of the lessons consists of six steps. We observed that the students deepened their study and studied independently in all of the lessons. Thus, the problem-solving learning program incorporating critical thinking was validated. However, improvement of the program is required in Step 3 (selection of information and identification of a problem) and Step 4 (consideration of a solution), in order to promote student-centered critical thinking.