Construction of trichothecene detection system and screening system for detoxifying microorganisms

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Trichothecenes are mycotoxins which are produced by Fusarium and other genera. They contaminate important crops, and can cause serious health problems in humans and livestock. In this research, we found 22 trichothecene resistance genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We constructed multiple gene deletion mutants, and among them, the triple mutant which deleted pdr5, erg6, and rpb4, showed the highest sensitivity toward various trichothecenes. We constructed an effective detective system using disc diffusion test, which allows us to detect deoxynivalenol contaminated with the provisional level in wheat and wheat flower. Next, we screened for microoganisms which can detoxify T-2 toxin, deoxynivalenol and 4-acetylnivalenol. We collected ~10,000 microorganisms mainly from soil, and we found that there were more than 10% microorganisms can deacetylate T-2 toxin and 4-acetyl nivalenol, which resulted in reducing toxicity. However, no organisms can detoxify deoxynivalenol.