Exosomal microRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers in metastatic gastric cancer

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Exosomes are small vesicles secreted from cells that transport their embedded molecules by a kind of bidirectional exocytosis- and endocytosis-like pathways. Expression patterns of exosomal molecules such as proteins and RNAs can be indicative of cell type since their signature is thought to be unique among cells.Using human cancer cell lines, we have conducted profiling of exosomal microRNAs and proteins using microarray and mass spectrometry. As a result, specific microRNA profiles were found in exosomes derived from scirrhous type gastric and metastatic pancreatic cancer cells, respectively. In addition, a comparative proteome analysis identified exosomal proteins with metastatic marker potential such as polyadenylate binding protein 1 (PABP1) for duodenal cancer and epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate (Eps8) for pancreatic cancer.