Factors associated with childhood growth and development and adult chronic diseases: Multilevel analyses

有研究表明，怀孕期间母亲吸烟与儿童肥胖之间存在关联。此外，还提出了该协会的性别差异。在这项研究中，我们利用日本农村地区出生队列研究的数据，澄清了孕期吸烟对儿童生长的影响与孕前母亲肥胖的影响相似。此外，孕妇在怀孕前和怀孕期间戒烟将改善怀孕期间母亲吸烟对胎儿和儿童生长的不利影响。

It has been suggested that there was the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and childhood obesity. Moreover, gender difference of the association has been also suggested. In this study, we clarified that the effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy on childhood growth was similar to the effect of maternal obesity before pregnancy by using the data from birth cohort study in Japanese rural area. In addition, maternal smoking cessation before and during pregnancy would improve the adverse effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy on fetal and childhood growth.