Non-invasive treatment of rotator cuff tear by using mesenchymal stem cells

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Four-mm and 8-mm width defects were created to the shoulder of cynomolgus monkeys to investigate critical size for spontaneous healing. Transosseous passageways were also created in adjacent to the 4-mm and 8-mm defects. Four-mm defects spontaneously healed, whereas the 8-mm defects did not. The present study demonstrated that creation of the transosseous passageway reversed the recurrence of 8-mm defects.Bone marrow-derived MSCs were isolated. Eight-mm defects were created at the tendon insertion of the rotator cuff and were either left untreated (Null group) or injected with MSC (MSC group). The Null group showed most cartilage-rich reparative tissue covering the defect, owing to formation of excessive tendon extruding though the insufficient subchondral bone. Despite less amount of new reparative tissue produced, the MSC group demonstrated better quality of tendon repair with regular surface and reconstruction of trabecular subchondral bone.