Effects of butyric acid producing bacteria on epigenetic gene regulation and systemic diseases

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The EBV BZLF1 gene product ZEBRA is a master regulator of the transition from latency to the lytic replication cycle. We found that P. gingivalis induced expression of ZEBRA. This activity was associated with supernatant from bacterial culture. We demonstrated that culture supernatant from P. gingivalis, which contained high concentrations of butyric acid, inhibited HDACs, thus increasing histone acetylation and the transcriptional activity of the BZLF1 gene. These findings suggests that periodontal disease is a risk factor for EBV reactivation in infected individuals. In addition, we determined the effects of butyric acid retention in the gingival tissues on oxidative stress induction in the jugular blood mitochondria. We found that BA injected in the rat gingival tissue has prolonged retention in gingival tissues and H2O2 and CAT levels all increased after BA injection. This would insinuate that mitochondrial oxidative stress was induced ascribable to BA.